History of english language

English Dialects and the Formation of the Standard English language. Early ME dialects. Late ME dialects. Written Standard. Vowel changes in Middle English. Development of the grammatical categories of noun. History of English orthography. Consonant changes in ME & Modern English. Development of the grammatical categories of adjectives. OE sound changes. Modern English vowel changes. Development of the grammatical categories of the pronoun. Development of articles. Development of the morphological features of strong verbs. Development of the morphological features of weak and preterite-present verbs. Development of the verbal grammatical categories of time, mood, person & number. Future tense. Subjunctive mood. Development of analytical verb forms: perfective aspect, difference between prior and non-prior actions. Development of analytical verb forms: Continuous aspect & passive voice. Theoretical aspects of a linguistic change: causes, mechanism, types. Causes. Linguistic features of Germanic languages. Grimm’s & Verner’s laws.